Notes

An earlier version of this paper was presented at a lively meeting of the Fourth International Symposium on Adult Self-Directed Learning in Norman, Oklahoma, February, 1990.

As this article went to press, I discovered that Figure 2 is a reinvention of a figure that appeared in slightly different form in Hersey’s 1983 directions for scoring a leadership style test. That publication states that near-matches “tend to produce anxiety” to leader or follower, slight mismatches “tend to produce frustration” in both parties, and serious mismatches “tend to create havoc.”